Vermont LLC Operating Agreement: What to Include

What is an LLC Operating Agreement?

An operating agreement gives your business structure and official procedures. It designates ownership, establishes operations, defines member responsibilities, and provides legal protection. Essentially, it lays out everything someone might need to know about your LLC. And it’s an internal document, so there’s no filing or fees involved.

Whether you’re starting a multi-member or single-member LLC, we strongly recommend completing an operating agreement. It’ll benefit and protect you for as long as you’re in business.

Am I Required to Have an Operating Agreement in Vermont?

Technically, no. The state of Vermont doesn’t require LLCs to adopt an operating agreement before commencing business. But this doesn’t mean that operating agreements aren’t important. Quite the opposite, in fact. These agreements essentially function as the bylaws of your company, providing vital stability and security.

If you want your personal assets protected in disputes, your LLC to run smoothly and to be legitimate in the eyes of courts, banks, and fellow businesses, you should draft an operating agreement.

Benefits of Creating an Operating Agreement

You want what’s best for your business. Months or years in the future, you want it to be a profitable and thriving endeavor. Having an operating agreement in place will set up your LLC for sustained success.

It requires some legwork, but it’s well worth it. Just look at some of the benefits:

• Officially designates how the ownership is split up (the percentage each member/manager owns), so there are no disputes.
• Standardizes office and company operations to improve efficiency
• Outlines the procedures for member additions and resignations, registered agent changes, dissolutions, and more, so there is no confusion.
• Avoids Vermont’s “default rules,” which define baseline procedures for any LLC without an operating agreement and aren’t necessarily the best for your business.
• Grants you greater respect from Vermont courts.

Free Vermont LLC Operating Agreement

You can find forms and information related to almost every aspect of an LLC on the Secretary of State website, but it’s unfortunately silent on operating agreements. If you visit the site looking for official forms and/or instructions, you won’t find them.

So, you’ll need to create your own, but don’t be intimidated! You don’t need to be an attorney or expert writer to draft an effective agreement. Plus, you can find plenty of free templates online to help you with the structure and legal terminology. While most of these templates are good options, a great starting point is one that you can get free through an affordable LLC service like ZenBusiness or Northwest Registered Agent.

Whether you’re using a template or starting from scratch, here’s a quick and easy guide for what to include:

Owner or Member Information: Names and mailing addresses.

Company Information: Your LLC’s name, registered office, and principal office.

Registered Agent Information: The name of your registered agent, their address, and contact information.

LLC Formation: The date you filed or will file your Articles of Organization with the Secretary of State.

Business Purpose: The type(s) of business your LLC will be doing in Vermont.

Term: How long your LLC in Vermont will be valid, typically until you file for termination.

Capital Contributions: The amount of money each member has invested in the LLC.

Profits, Losses, and Distributions: How income and debts are allocated among members and methods for distributing funds.

Ownership Percentage: How much of the company each member owns.

Management and Roles: The managerial structure and decision-making processes, naming who is in charge or certain operations.

Compensation: How members/managers are compensated and reimbursed.

Bookkeeping: Accounting procedures and member account policies.

Tax Treatment: Whether your LLC will be taxed as a Sole Proprietorship, Partnership, S-Corporation, or C-Corporation.

Member Additions: The procedure for bringing on new members – how they will be admitted, if they’re entitled to income, any expenses they will owe, their roles, etc.

Member Withdrawal: Procedures for the resignation, expulsion, retirement, or death of an existing member.

Amendment Procedures: How your LLC will approve changes to the operating agreement. Usually, it’s through a majority vote by the members.

Dissolution: What happens when you terminate your LLC. How your members will split up the remaining assets or debts.

You don’t always need to include all of the above. If any don’t apply to your LLC, feel free to leave them out. Still, it’s a good idea to cover as many bases as possible. Even if you’re a single-member LLC, you should consider including as many sections as possible to accommodate future changes. Otherwise, years into the life of your business, you may run into a dispute over something you didn’t include, and you won’t be able to fall back on the operating agreement.

When you’re finished with your draft, take a well-deserved break, then make copies for each of your LLC members. Before the agreement can officially take effect, it requires their approval. This is strictly an internal document, so you don’t need to send a copy to the Secretary of State. File it with your other business documents and remember where it is. You will probably need to revise it down the road.

Making Changes to Your Operating Agreement

For better or worse, your business is going to change. As you begin doing business in Vermont and, hopefully, raking in profits, the LLC will grow and evolve. It will develop different needs and more complicated processes. Keep everything running smoothly but updating your operating agreement as changes occur.

First, all LLC managers/members must approve the change. To seek approval, follow the guidelines you already outlined in your operating agreement for ratifying amendments.

Because it isn’t recorded with the state, modifying your agreement is as simple as making changes to the Word document or PDF you keep in your own files.

For example: your registered agent resigns and, following Vermont law, you appoint a registered agent service to take their place. Simply pull up your electronic file, enter the new agent information, save it, and print a copy. Make sure you keep a draft of the previous document as well so you can track the changes you’ve made, just in case the state ever has any questions.

Hiring an Attorney

Worried that you might miss a critical detail? Uncomfortable with legal minutiae? If you want to ensure your operating agreement provides for all possible outcomes and disputes, you might consider hiring an attorney to review it or write it entirely.

Some attorneys have a flat rate for drafting an operating agreement; others bill by the hour. Either way, you’ll only need their assistance for a limited period of time. Use a site like Avvo to find the right fit for your business. Avvo’s database lets you sort by location, rate, and more – it even shows Vermont lawyers that specialize in business formation.

Hiring an LLC Formation Service

The LLC formation process, with its forms and fees, might make you want to throw up your hands and surrender. Don’t do that! Instead, consider hiring an online service like ZenBusiness or Northwest Registered Agent.

An online service like we mentioned earlier can quickly take care of all your necessary filings. Plus, they’ll create a customized operating agreement for you!

Given the amount of time you would spend drafting an agreement from scratch, a formation service is worth it. Not only will you receive a meticulously researched and crafted operating agreement, but you’ll also be able to spend more time growing your business, planning your next move, or just relaxing.

References

By now, it’s likely clear that your operating agreement can exercise extensive influence over your LLC’s structure, actions, members, and more. But it doesn’t do so without a few limitations. The Vermont Statutes § 4003 contain specific regulations on your agreement’s powers.

According to this section, the purpose of an operating agreement is to “regulates the affairs of the company and the conduct of its business and governs relations among the members, among the managers, and among the members, managers, and the limited liability company.” This is a broad blanket statement, and from it, we get a sense of just how far-reaching the agreement’s authority is, covering most aspects of your LLC.

But, as mentioned earlier, there are restrictions too. Section 4003 lays out a long list of them. Most importantly, it cannot authorize any actions deemed illegal by state or federal law. On top of that, it cannot provide your LLC an exemption from state-mandated business maintenance requirements like Annual Reports. If you fail to keep your company in good standing, your agreement won’t protect you from administrative dissolution or other penalties.

At first, the operating agreement, with all its details and legal importance, might seem like an insurmountable task. But follow this guide and pay close attention to the state’s requirements and you’ll be on your way to adopting an effective, successful document.